Dendritesĭendrites are fibrous roots that branch out from the cell body. Myelin helps axons to conduct an electrical signal. Many axons are insulated with a fatty substance called myelin. It joins the cell body at a specialized junction called the axon hillock. AxonĪn axon is a long, tail-like structure. It’s enclosed by a membrane that both protects it and allows it to interact with its immediate surroundings. ![]() ![]() Like other cell bodies, a neuron’s soma contains a nucleus and specialized organelles. The cell body contains genetic information, maintains the neuron’s structure, and provides energy to drive activities. ![]() Cell bodyĪlso known as a soma, the cell body is the core section of the neuron. However, nearly all neurons have three essential parts: a cell body, an axon, and dendrites. Neurons vary in size, shape, and structure depending on their role and location.
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